"Estado da Arte" das escalas de percepção subjetiva de esforço
Resumo
Em 1860, Gustav Fechner fundou a psicofísica que se baseava na detecção subjetiva da sensação e da percepção de um estímulo no indivíduo. Baseado na psicofísica, mas com o intuito de utilizar uma escala para a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) durante o exercício, Borg elaborou nos anos 60 uma escala para monitorar a intensidade do esforço físico. O artigo de revisão tem o objetivo de apresentar o “estado da arte” das escalas de PSE. Nesta revisão de literatura foram selecionadas pesquisas sobre as escalas de PSE que investigaram esse instrumento durante o exercício. A coleta dos estudos aconteceu no buscador Bireme, PubMed, Google Acadêmico e nos Periódicos CAPES. Os resultados da revisão mostraram que nos anos 60 a 90, a maioria dos estudos foi sobre a PSE no exercício e sobre a linearidade da escala de Borg em relação a alguma medida fisiológica. Em 1990, a escala de Borg foi utilizada para a prescrição da sessão. Nos anos 2000, a maioria das pesquisas se concentra na PSE durante o exercício e na linearidade entre a escala de Borg e determinadas medidas fisiológicas, algumas investigações na quantificação da carga através da PSE e um estudo prescreveu o treino pela escala de Borg. Em conclusão, a escalas de PSE possuem relação linear com as medidas fisiológicas, sendo indicada uma validação dessas escalas para prescrever diversos tipos de treino.
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