Body composition: historical evolution of tissue fractionation anatomic model
Abstract
There are two major types of human body fractionation: chemical and anatomical. The methods arising from the chemical model are popular due to hydrodensitometry be the first technique known body analysis. However, they exhibit many misconceptions. Thus, new methods were developed in the anatomical model. This study aims to present and discuss historical facts and theoretical assumptions that underpin the anatomical model of tissue analysis. In 1921, Matiegka (1921) developed a method that to fractionate the body mass of four components: fat mass, bone, muscle and residual. In 1984, Drinkwater (1984) validated these equations using 13 cadavers, proposing changes to the original formulas. In 1990, Martin et al. (1990) updated the equation that estimated muscle mass in the cadavers. In addition, Lee et al. analyzed by images the tissue components in vivo samples, proposing new equation to predict muscle mass. These studies culminated in the fractionation method in five components, considered the most economical and complete technique of today. Based on this information, the anatomical model has been revised and updated over the years, showing strong foundation that transcends the assumptions and limitations inherent in the chemical model. Thus, its use seems more consistent for body composition analysis.
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