Comparison of the effects of low and high intensity aerobic training on weight loss: a systematic review
Abstract
Obesity and overweight affect a considerable portion of the world population. Several studies have been carried out to verify the best type of physical activity that assists in the control of body composition control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low and high intensity aerobic training on body fat loss. For that, a systematic review of articles was carried out between 2006 and 2016. The descriptors applied were: low intensity aerobic training, high intensity aerobic training and body composition, in the English and Portuguese languages, in PubMed and SciELO databases. We found 131 articles, 13 of which were selected for analysis. High-intensity aerobic training improved body composition in most of the studies analyzed, while low-intensity aerobic training changed body composition in a few studies. It was concluded from studies analyzed that high intensity aerobic training is more effective for a loss of body fat when compared to low intensity. However, it must be done a quality physical assessment before choosing the intensity of the training, respect the principles of biological individuality and specificity, in order to guarantee a safety and intervention.
References
-Amati, F.; Dube, J. J.; Shay, C.; Goodpaster, B. H. Separate and combined effects of exercise training and weight loss on exercise efficiency and substrate oxidation. Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 105. Num. 3. p. 825-831. 2008.
-Baar, K. Training for endurance and strength: lessons from cell signaling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Vol. 38. Num. 11. p. 1939-1944. 2006.
-Barbanti, V. J.; Tricoli, V.; Ugrinowitsch, C. Relevância do conhecimento científico na prática do treinamento físico. Revista Paulista de Educação Física. Vol. 18. p. 101-109. 2004.
-Beckles, G. L. A.; Miller, G. J.; Alexis, S. D.; Price, S. G. L.; Kirkwood, B. R.; Carson, D. C.; Byam, N. T. A. Obesity in Women in an Urban Trinidadian Community -Prevalence and Associated Characteristics. International Journal of Obesity. Vol. 9. Num. 2. p. 127-135.1985.
-Berdasco, A. Body-Mass Index Values in the Cuban Adult-Population. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 48. p. s155-s164. 1994.
-Berggren, J. R.; Boyle, K. E.; Chapman, W. H.; Houmard, J. A. Skeletal muscle lipid oxidation and obesity: influence of weight loss and exercise. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. Vol. 294. Num. 4. p. e726-e732. 2008.
-Botero, J. P.; Prado, W. L.; Guerra, R. L. F.; Speretta, G. F. F.; Leite, R. D.; Prestes, J.; Sanz, A. V.; Lyons, S.; De Azevedo, P. H. S. M.; Baldissera, V.; Perez, S. E. A.; Damaso, A.; Da Silva, R. G. Does aerobic exercise intensity affect health-related parameters in overweight women? Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. Vol. 34. Num. 2. p. 138-142. 2014.
-Coffey, V. G.; Hawley, J. A. The molecular bases of training adaptation. Sports Med. Vol. 37. Num. 9. p. 737-763. 2007.
-Coker, R. H.; Williams, R. H.; Kortebein, P. M.; Sullivan, D. H.; Evans, W. J. Influence of exercise intensity on abdominal fat and adiponectin in elderly adults. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. Vol. 7. Num. 4. p. 363-368. 2009.
-Corte De Araujo, A. C.; Roschel, H.; Picanco, A. R.; Do Prado, D. M.; Villares, S. M.; De Sa Pinto, A. L.; Gualano, B. Similar health benefits of endurance and high-intensity interval training in obese children. PLoS One. Vol. 7. Num. 8. p. e42747, 2012.
-De Feo, P.; Di Loreto, C.; Lucidi, P.; Murdolo, G.; Parlanti, N.; De Cicco, A.; Piccioni, F.; Santeusanio, F. Metabolic response to exercise. J Endocrinol Invest. Vol. 26. Num. 9. p. 851-854. 2003.
-De Feo, P. Is high-intensity exercise better than moderate-intensity exercise for weight loss? Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. Vol. 23. Num. 11. p. 1037-1042. 2013.
-Donnelly, J. E.; Blair, S. N.; Jakicic, J. M.; Manore, M. M.; Rankin, J. W.; Smith, B. K. Appropriate Physical ActivityIntervention Strategies for Weight Loss and Prevention of Weight Regain for Adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol. 41. Num. 2. p. 459-471. 2009.
-Egan, B.; Zierath, J. R. Exercise metabolism and the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation. Cell Metab. Vol. 17. Num. 2. p. 162-184. 2013.
-Fernandez, A. C.; Mello, M. T.; Tufik, S.; Castro, P. M.; Fisberg, M. Influence of the aerobic and anaerobic trainingon the body fat mass in obese adolescents. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Vol. 10. Num. 3. p. 159-164. 2004.
-Ferreira, V. A. F.; Magalhães, R. Obesidade no Brasil: Tendências atuais. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública. Vol. 24. Num. 2. p. 71-81. 2006.
-Foureaux, G.; Pinto, K. M. D. C.; Dâmaso, A. Effects of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and resting metabolic rate in energetic cost. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Vol. 12. Num. 6. p. 351e-3556.2006.
-Fox, E. L.; Bartels, R. L.; Billings, C. E.; Mathews, D. K.; Bason, R.; Webb, W. M. Intensity and distance of interval training programs and changes in aerobic power. Med Sci Sports. Vol. 5. Num. 1. p. 18-22. 1973.
-Gibala, M. J.; Mcgee, S. L.; Garnham, A. P.; Howlett, K. F.; Snow, R. J.; Hargreaves, M. Brief intense interval exercise activates AMPK and p38 MAPK signaling and increases the expression of PGC-1alpha in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). Vol. 106. NUm. 3. p. 929-934. 2009.
-Gibala, M.J. Physiological adaptations to low-volume high-intensity interval training. Sports Science Exchange. Vol. 15. Num. 139. p. 1-6. 2015.
-Gomes, P. P.; Silva, H. J. G.; Lira, C. T. C.; Lofrano-Prado, M. C.; Prado, W. L. Efeitos de diferentes intensidades de treinamento aeróbio sobre a composição corporal em adolescentes obesos. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano. Vol. 15. Num. 5. p. 594-603. 2013.
-Hauser, C.; Benetti, M.; Rebelo, F. P.V. Estratégias para o emagrecimento. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano. Vol. 6. Num. 1. p. 72-81. 2004.
-Higgins, S.; Fedewa, M. V.; Hathaway, E. D.; Schmidt, M. D.; Evans, E. M. Sprint interval and moderate-intensity cycling training differentially affect adiposity and aerobic capacity in overweight young-adult women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. Vol. 41. Num. 11. p. 1177-1183. 2016.
-Hottenrott, K.; Ludyga, S.; Schulze, S.Effects of high intensity training and continuous endurance training on aerobic capacity and body composition in recreationally active runners. J Sports Sci Med. Vol. 11. Num. 3. p. 483-488. 2012.
-Imbeault, P.; Saint-Pierre, S.; Almeras, N.; Tremblay, A. Acute effects of exercise on energy intake and feeding behaviour. Br J Nutr. Vol. 77. Num. 4. p. 511-521.1997.
-Irving, B. A.; Davis, C. K.; Brock, D. W.; Weltman, J. Y.; Swift, D.; Barrett, E. J.; Gaesser, G. A.; Weltman, A. Effect of exercise training intensity on abdominal visceral fat and body composition. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 40. Num. 11. p. 1863-1872. 2008.
-Jadad, A. R.; Moore, R. A.; Carroll, D.; Jenkinson, C.; Reynolds, D. J.; Gavaghan, D. J.; Mcquay, H. J. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. Vol. 17. Num. 1. p. 1-12.1996.
-Jakicic, J. M.; Clark, K.; Coleman, E.; Donnelly, J. E.; Foreyt, J.; Melanson, E.; Volek, J.; Volpe, S. L. Appropriate strategies for intervention weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol. 33. Num. 12. p. 2145-2156. 2001.
-Jakicic, J. M.; Marcus, B. H.; Gallagher, K. I.; Napolitano, M.; Lang, W.Effect of exercise duration and intensity on weight loss in overweight, sedentary women: a randomized trial. JAMA. Vol. 290. Num.10. p. 1323-1330. 2003.
-Keating, S. E.; Machan, E. A.; O’connor, H. T.; Gerofi, J. A.; Sainsbury, A.; Caterson, I. D.; Johnson, N. A. Continuous Exercise but Not High Intensity Interval Training Improves Fat Distribution in Overweight Adults. Journal of Obesity. p. 1-12. 2014.
-Kozica, S. L.; Teede, H. J.; Harrison, C. L.; Klein, R.; Lombard, C. B. Optimizing Implementation of Obesity Prevention Programs: A Qualitative Investigation Within a Large-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Rural Health. Vol. 32. Num. 1. p. 72-81. 2016.
-Kubukeli, Z. N.; Noakes, T. D.; Dennis, S. C. Training techniques to improve endurance exercise performances. Sports Med. Vol. 32. Num. 8. p. 489-509. 2002.
-Lee, M. G.; Park, K. S.; Kim, D. U.; Choi, S. M.; KIM, H. J. Effects of high-intensity exercise training on body composition, abdominal fat loss, and cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-aged Korean females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. Vol. 37. Num. 6. p. 1019-1027. 2012.
-Liberati, A.; Altman, D. G.; Tetzlaff, J.; Mulrow, C.; Gotzsche, P. C.; Ioannidis, J. P.; Clarke, M.; Devereaux, P. J.; Kleijnen, J.; Moher, D. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol. Vol. 62. Num. 10. p. e1-34. 2009.
-Little, J. P.; Safdar, A.; Bishop, D.; Tarnopolsky, M. A.; Gibala, M. J. An acute bout of high-intensity interval training increases the nuclear abundance of PGC-1alpha and activates mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. Vol. 300. Num. 6. p. R1303-1310. 2011.
-Macinnis, M. J.; Gibala, M. J. Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. J Physiol. 2016.
-Martins, C.; Kazakova, I.; Ludviksen, M.; Mehus, I.; Wisloff, U.; Kulseng, B.; Morgan, L.; King, N. High-Intensity Interval Training and Isocaloric Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Result in Similar Improvements in Body Composition and Fitness in Obese Individuals. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. Vol. 26. Num. 3. p. 197-204. 2016.
-Mazurek, K.; Zmijewski, P.; Krawczyk, K.; Czajkowska, A.; Keska, A.; Kapuscinski, P.; Mazurek, T. High intensity interval and moderate continuous cycle training in a physical education programme improves health-related fitness in young females. Biol Sport. Vol. 33. Num. 2. p. 139-144. 2016.
-Moher, D.; Liberati, A.; Tetzlaff, J.; Altman, D. G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. Vol. 62. Num. 10. p. 1006-1012. 2009.
-Moreira, M. M.; Souza, H. P. C.; Schwingel, P. A.; Sá, C. K. C.; Zoppi, C. C. Efeitos do Exercício Aeróbico e Anaeróbico em Variáveis de Risco Cardíaco em Adultos com Sobrepeso. Arquivos Brasileiro de Cardiologia. Vol. 91. Num. 4. p. 219-226. 2008.
-Moreno, C. M. C.; Liberali, R.; Navarro, F. Obesidade e exercício físico: os benefícios do exercício intermitente de alta intensidade no processo de emagrecimento. Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento. Vol. 3. Num. 16. p. 298-304. 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.rbone.com.br/index.php/rbone/article/view/160/157>
-Nevill, M. E.; Holmyard, D. J.; Hall, G. M.; Allsop, P.; Van Oosterhout, A.; Burrin, J. M.; Nevill, A. M. Growth hormone responses to treadmill sprinting in sprint-and endurance-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. Vol. 72. Num. 5-6. p. 460-467. 1996.
-Nybo, L.; Sundstrup, E.; Jakobsen, M. D.; Mohr, M.; Hornstrup, T.; Simonsen, L.; Bulow, J.; Randers, M. B.; Nielsen, J. J.; Aagaard, P.; Krustrup, P. High-intensity training versus traditional exercise interventions for promoting health. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Vol. 42. Num. 10. p. 1951-1958. 2010.
-O'leary, V. B.; Marchetti, C. M.; Krishnan, R. K.; Stetzer, B. P.; Gonzalez, F.; Kirwan, J. P. Exercise-induced reversal of insulin resistance in obese elderly is associated with reduced visceral fat. J Appl Physiol (1985). Vol. 100. Num. 5. p. 1584-1589. 2006.
-Olshansky, S. J.; Passaro, D. J.; Hershow, R. C.; Layden, J.; Carnes, B. A.; Brody, J.; Hayflick, L.; Butler, R. N.; Allison, D. B.; Ludwig, D. S. A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century. New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 352. Num. 11. p. 1138-1145. 2005.
-Paoli, A.; Moro, T.; Bianco, A. Lift weights to fight overweight. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. Vol. 35. Num. 1. p. 1-6. 2015.
-Popkin, B. M.; Doak, C. M. The obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon. Nutrition Reviews. Vol. 56. Num. 4. p. 106-114. 1998.
-Pritzlaff, C. J.; Wideman, L.; Blumer, J.; Jensen, M.; Abbott, R. D.; Gaesser, G. A.; Veldhuis, J. D.; Weltman, A. Catecholamine release, growth hormone secretion, and energy expenditure during exercise vs. recovery in men. J Appl Physiol (1985). Vol. 89. Num. 3. p. 937-946. 2000.
-Romijn, J. A.; Coyle, E. F.; Sidossis, L. S.; Gastaldelli, A.; Horowitz, J. F.; Endert, E.; Wolfe, R. R. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol. Vol. 265. Num. 3. Pt.1. p. e380-391, 1993.
-Ross, A.; Leveritt, M. Long-term metabolic and skeletal muscle adaptations to short-sprint training: implications for sprint training and tapering. Sports Med. Vol. 31. Num. 15. p. 1063-1082. 2001.
-Ross, R.; Dagnone, D.; Jones, P. J.; -Smith, H.; Paddags, A.; Hudson, R.; Janssen, I. Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in men. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. Vol. 133. Num. 2. p. 92-103. 2000.
-Sabia, R. V.; Santos, J. E.; Ribeiro, R. P. P. Efeito da atividade física associada à orientação alimentar em adolescentes obesos: comparação entre o exercício aeróbio e anaeróbio. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Vol. 10. Num. 5. p. 349-355. 2004.
-Shaw, K.; Gennat, H.; O'rourke, P.; Del Mar, C. Exercise for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Num. 4. 2006.
-Shepherd, S. O.; Wilson, O. J.; Taylor, A. S.; Thogersen-Ntoumani, C.; Adlan, A. M.; Wagenmakers, A. J.; Shaw, C. S. Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training in a Gym Setting Improves Cardio-Metabolic and Psychological Health. PLoS One. Vol. 10. Num. 9. p. e0139056. 2015.
-Shue, C. K.; Whitt, J. K.; Daniel, L.; Shue, C. B. Promoting conversations between physicians and families about childhood obesity: evaluation of physician communication training within a clinical practice improvement initiative. Health Communication. Vol. 31. Num. 4. p. 408-416. 2016.
-Siervogel, R. M.; Demerath, E. W.; Schubert, C.; Remsberg, K. E.; Chumlea, W. C.; Sun, S.; Czerwinski, S. A.; Towne, B. Puberty and body composition. Horm Res. Vol. 60. Num. Suppl.1. p. 36-45. 2003.
-Sijie, T.; Hainai Y; Fengying Y; Jianxiong, W. High intensity interval exercise training in overweight Young women. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. Vol. 52. Num. 3. p. 255-262. 2012.
-Sim, A. Y.; Wallman, K. E.; Fairchild, T. J.; Guelfi, K. J. Effects of High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Training on Appetite Regulation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Vol. 47. Num. 11. p. 2441-2449. 2015.
-Steffan, H. G.; Elliott, W.; Miller, W. C.; Fernhall, B. Substrate utilization during submaximal exercise in obese and normal-weight women. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. Vol. 80. Num. 3. p. 233-239. 1999.
-Tiene, D. C. F.; Vespasiano, B. S. Treinamento aeróbico: perspectivas sobre intensidades voltadas ao emagrecimento em adolescentes. Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento. Vol. 6. Num. 32. p. 116-122.2012. Disponível em: <http://www.rbone.com.br/index.php/rbone/article/view/199/257>
-Tjønna, A. E.; Lee, S. J.; Rognmo, Ø.; Stølen, T. O.; Bye, A.; Haram, P. M.; Loennechen, J. P.; Al-Share, Q. Y.; Skogvoll, E.; Slørdahl, S. A.; Kemi, O. J.; Najjar, S. M.; Wisløff, U. Aerobic Interval Training Versus Continuous Moderate Exercise as a Treatment for the Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Study. Circulation. Vol. 118. p. 346-354. 2008.
-Trapp, E. G.; Chisholm, D. J.; Freund, J.; Boutcher, S. H. The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women. International Journal of Obesity. Vol. 32. Num. 4. p. 684-691. 2008.
-Van Aggel-Leijssen, D. P.; Saris, W. H.; Wagenmakers, A. J.; Hul, G. B.; Van Baak, M. A. The effect of low-intensity exercise training on fat metabolism of obese women. Obes Res. Vol. 9. Num. 2. p. 86-96. 2001.
-Williams, C. B.; Zelt, J. G.; Castellani, L. N.; Little, J. P.; Jung, M. E.; Wright, D. C.; Tschakovsky, M. E.; Gurd, B. J. Changes in mechanisms proposed to mediate fat loss following an acute bout of high-intensity interval and endurance exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. Vol. 38. Num. 12. p. 1236-1244. 2013.
-Wilmore, J. H.; Costill, D. L. Fisiologia do Esporte e do Exercício. São Paulo: Manole, 200366-You, T.; Murphy, K. M.; Lyles, M. F.; Demons, J. L.; Lenchik, L.; Nicklas, B. J. Addition of aerobic exercise to dietary weight loss preferentially reduces abdominal adipocyte size. International Journal of Obesity. Vol. 30. Num. 8. p. 1211-1216. 2006.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
