Strength training: neural factors and muscle force production
Abstract
Introduction: The practice of strength training promotes several functional adaptations, among which we have the increase of strength, found in greater magnitude in the first months of training. Objective: To perform a critical review on the possible mechanisms related to the central nervous system and the production of muscular strength. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in the databases: MEDLINE, SCIELO and CAPES Periodicals. The selection of articles was based on relevance to the topic discussed. In addition, some books published in the last 7 years have been used. Results: There is a great influence of the central nervous system on the production of muscular strength through the mechanisms: spillover, motor irradiation, reciprocal inhibition between hemispheres, bilateral deficit, cross-force education, recruitment of motor units, frequency of firing, increase of binary development rate as well as there is no cortical to cortical motor. Discussion: The evidence points to acute and chronic alterations of the neuromuscular system due to the practice of strength training. Factors like type of training, volume, intensity, phases of muscle contraction can influence not only the magnitude of force produced, but also in specific changes in each trained member. Conclusion: Physiological stimuli promoted by training can trigger neural changes in conjunction with the muscular system that directly affect the magnitude of muscular force production through various mechanisms and phenomena. Thus, to know such phenomena is extremely important to improve the prescription of training.
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