Cluster-set promotes hemodynamic responses similar to traditional resistance training in menopaused and elderly women
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the effects of two different methods of acute resistance training on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in menopausal women and in elderly practitioners of physical activity. Materials and methods: Participated in the present study 40 menopausal and elderly women who practiced physical activity and were physically independent, 15 of whom were hypertensive and 25 were normotensive, aged 60.4±4.9 years. Each participant trained the two different RT methods, namely: Traditional Resistance Training (TRT) and the Cluster Set (CS) at high speed, once for each method, within a 48-hour interval from one session to the next. Simultaneously, BP and HR were measured twice during rest (PRE); immediately after training (POST); five minutes post-training (POS5’) and ten minutes post-training (POST10’), for each of the protocols. With the measurements of HR and BP, the double product (SD) was calculated. The order of the methods (CS or TRT) among the volunteers was assigned in a counterbalanced way based on the performance in the 10RM test on the leg press. Results: BP, DP and HR did not show differences between training sessions but showed significant changes between moments for both groups. However, the effect of HPE was not significant in any of the protocols. Conclusion: TRT and CS promote beneficial differences in hemodynamic responses, but without differences between training protocols. Therefore, these results partially compare what can happen with heart rate, blood pressure, and double product.
References
-Baum, K.; Rüther, T.; Essfeld, D. Reduction of blood pressure response during strength training through intermittent muscle relaxations. International Journal of Sports Medicine. Vol. 24. Num. 6. 2003. p. 441-445.
-Brito, A.F.; Oliveira, C.V.C.; Brasileiro-Santos, M.S.; Santos, A.C. Resistance exercise with different volumes: blood pressure response and forearm blood flow in the hypertensive elderly. Clinical interventions in aging. Vol. 9. 2014. p. 2151-2158.
-Brito, A.F.; Alves, N.F.B.; Araújo, A.S.; Gonçalves, M.C.R.; Silva, A.S. Active intervals between sets of resistance exercises potentiate the magnitude of postexercise hypotension in elderly hypertensive women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Vol. 25. Num. 11. 2011. p. 3129-3136.
-Cardoso Junior, C.G.; Gomides, R.S.; Queiroz, A.C.C.; Pinto, L.G.; Lobo, F.S.; Tinucci, T.; Mion JR, D.; Forjaz, C.L.M. Acute and chronic effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on ambulatory blood pressure. Clinics. Vol. 65. Num. 3. 2010. p. 317-325.
-Carlson, D. J.; Dieberg, G.; Hess, N.C.; Millar, P.J.; Smart, N.A. Isometric exercise training for blood pressure management: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Vol. 89. Num. 3. 2014. p. 327-334.
-Cavalcante, P.A.M.; Rica, R.l.; Evangelista, A.L.; Serra, A.J.; Figueira JR, A.; Pontes JR, F.L.; Kilgore, L.; Baker, J.S.; Bocalini, D.S. Effects of exercise intensity on postexercise hypotension after resistance training session in overweight hypertensive patients. Clinical Interventions in Aging. Vol. 10. 2015. p. 1487-1495.
-Davies, T.B.; Tran, D.L.; Hogan, C.M.; Haff, G.G.; Latella, C. Chronic Effects of Altering Resistance Training Set Configurations Using Cluster Sets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine. Vol. 51. Num. 4. 2021. p. 707-736.
-Freitas, M.C.; Ricci-Vitor, A.L.; Quizzini, G.H.; Oliveira, J.V.N.N.; Vanderlei, L.C.N.M.; Lira, F.S.; Rossi, F.E. Postexercise hypotension and autonomic modulation response after full versus split body resistance exercise in trained men. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. Vol. 14. Num. 3. 2018. p. 399-406.
-Farinatti, P.T. V.; Assis, B.F.C.B. Estudo da frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial e duplo-produto em exercícios contra-resistência e aeróbio contínuo. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde. Vol. 5. Num. 2. 2000. p. 1-12.
-Figueiredo, T.; Willardson, J.M.; Miranda, H.; Bentes, C.M.; Reis, V.M.; Simão, R. Influence of load intensity on postexercise hypotension and heart rate variability after a strength training session. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Vol. 29. Num. 10. 2015. p. 2941-2948.
-Gentil, P.; Soares, S.; Bottaro, M. Single vs. Multi-Joint Resistance Exercises: Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy. Asian journal of sports medicine. Vol. 6. Num. 2. 2015. p. e24057.
-Giosia, P.; Giorgini, P.; Stamerra, C.A.; Petrarca, M.; Ferri, C.; Sahebkar, A. Gender Differences in Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Hypertension. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. Vol. 20. Num. 13. 2018. p. 1-7.
-James, P.A.; Oparil, S.; Carter, B.L. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 311. Num. 5. 2014. p. 507-520.
-Kannel, W. B. Hypertension as a risk factor for cardiac events-epidemiologic results of long-term studies. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. Vol. 21. Num. 2. 1993. p. 27-37.
-Kenney, M.J.; Seals, D.R. Brief Review Postexercise Hypotension. Hypertension. Vol. 22. Num. 5. 1993. p. 653-664.
-Lima, R.; Wofford, M.; Reckelhoff, J.F. Hypertension in postmenopausal women. Current Hypertension Reports. Vol. 14. Num. 3. 2012. p. 254-260.
-Marques, D.L.; Neiva, H.P.; Faíl, L.B.; Gil, M.H.; Marques, M.C. Acute effects of low and high-volume resistance training on hemodynamic, metabolic and neuromuscular parameters in older adults. Experimental Gerontology. Vol. 125. 2019. p. 110685.
-Mello, T.L.; Rosa, S.M.; Vaz, M.S.; Vecchio, F.B.D. Treinamento de força em sessão com exercícios poliarticulares gera estresse cardiovascular inferior a sessão de treino com exercícios monoarticulares. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte. Vol. 39. Num. 2. 2017. p. 132-140.
-Middleton, L.E.; Yaffe, K. Promising strategies for the prevention of dementia. Archives of Neurology. Vol. 66. Num. 10. 2009. p. 1210-1215.
-Mota, M.R.; Oliveira, R.J.; Dutra, M.T.; Pardono, E.; Terra, D.F.; Lima, R.M.; Simões, H.G.; Silva, F.M. Acute and chronic effects of resistive exercise on blood pressure in hypertensive elderly women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Vol. 27. Num. 12. 2013. p. 3475-3480.
-Nobrega, A.C.L. The subacute effects of exercise: Concept, characteristics, and clinical implications. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. Vol. 33. Num. 2. 2005. p. 84-87.
-Perry, B.G.; Schlader, Z.J.; Barnes, M.J.; Cochrane, D.J.; Lucas, S.J.E.; Mundel, T. Hemodynamic response to upright resistance exercise: Effect of load and repetition. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol. 46. Num. 3. 2014. p. 479-487.
-Pescatello, L. S.; Franklin, B.A.; Fagard, R.; Farquhar, W.B.; Kelley, G.A.; Ray, C.A.; American College of Sports Medicine. Exercise and Hypertension. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol. 36. Num. 3. 2004. p. 533-553.
-Queiroz, A.C.C.; Rezk, C.C.; Teixeira, L.; Tinucci, T.; Mion, D.; Forjaz, C.L.M. Gender influence on post-resistance exercise hypotension and hemodynamics. International Journal of Sports Medicine. Vol. 34. Num. 11. 2013. p. 939-944.
-Ramirez-Campillo, R.; Alvarez, C.; Garcìa-Hermoso, A.; Celis-Morales, C.; Ramirez-Velez, R.; Gentil, P.; Izquierdo, M. High-speed resistance training in elderly women: Effects of cluster training sets on functional performance and quality of life. Experimental Gerontology. Vol. 110. 2018. p. 216-222.
-Salles, B.F.; Maior, A.S.; Polito, M.; Novaes, J.; Alexander, J.; Rhea, M.; Simão, R. Influence of rest interval lengths on hipotensive response after strength training sessions performed by older men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Vol. 24. Num. 11. 2010. p. 3049-3054.
-SBC. Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial - 2020. Arq Bras Cardiol. Vol. 116. Num. 3. 2021. p. 516-658.
-Silva, R.P.; Novaes, J.; Oliveira, R.J.; Gentil, P., Wagner, D.; Bottaro, M. High-velocity resistance exercise protocols in older women: Effects on cardiovascular response. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. Vol. 6. Num. 4. 2007. p. 560-567.
-Scott, B.R.; Duthie, G.M.; Thornton, H.R.; Dascombe, B. J. Training Monitoring for Resistance Exercise: Theory and Applications. Sports Medicine. Vol. 46. Num. 5. 2016. p. 687-698.
-Terblanche, E.; MIllen, A.M.E. The magnitude and duration of post-exercise hypotension after land and water exercises. European Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 112. Num. 12. 2012. p. 4111-4118.
-Tomioka, K.; Iwamoto, J.; Saeki, K.; Okamoto, N. Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) in elderly adults: The Fujiwara-kyo study. Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 21. Num. 6. 2011. p. 459-465.
-Tufano, J.J.; Brown, L.E.; Haff, G.G. Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Different Cluster Set Structures: A Systematic Review. Journal of strength and conditioning research. Vol. 31. Num. 3. 2017. p. 848-867.
-Vogel, B.; Acevedo, M.; Appelman, Y.; Merz, C.N.B.; Chieffo, A.; Figtree, G.A.; Guerrero, M.; Kunadian, V.; Lam, C.S.P.; Maas, A.H.E.M.; Mihaolidou, A.S.; Olszanecka, A.; Poole, J.E.; Saldarriaga, C.; Saw, J.; Juhlke, L.; Mehran, R. The Lancet women and cardiovascular disease Commission: reducing the global burden by 2030. Lancet. Vol. 397. Num. 10292. 2021. p. 2385-2438.
-Wenger, N.K.; Arnold, A.; Merz, C.N.B.; Cooper-Dehoff, R.M.; Ferdinand, K.C.; Fleg, J.L.; Gulati, M.; Isiadinso, I.; Itchhaporia, D.; Light-Mcgroary, K.; Lindley, K.L.; Mieres, J.H.; Rosser, M.L.; Saade, G.R.; Walsh, M.N.; Pepine, C.J. Hypertension Across a Woman’s Life Cycle. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Vol. 71. Num. 16. 2018. p. 1797-1813.
-Zeigler, Z.S.; Swan, P.D.; Buman, M.P.; Mookadam, F.; Gaesser, G.A.; Angadi, S.S. Postexercise Hemodynamic Responses in Lean and Obese Men. Vol. 50. Num. 11. 2018. p. 2292-2300.
Copyright (c) 2023 Rayra Khalinka Neves Dias, Ádria Samara Negrão Noronha, Victor Silveira Coswig
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
