Analysis of blood pressure response after resistance training in the elderly
Abstract
The present study aimed to verify if a resistance training, under the method of circuit with low intensity, is able to promote post-exercise hypotension in normotensive elderly. The study included eight females, trained forabout six months in resistance training. The volunteers underwent a training session under the circuit method, with an intensity of 50% of one repetition maximum and execution of 20 submaximal repetitions (20% below the maximum), with 1 minute rest interval between exercises. Measurements of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were performed with the subjects seated at rest in stages of 5 minutes, for a total period of 30 minutes, using the auscultatory method. The results showed that the protocol resistance training induced a post-exercise hypotension statistically significant (p <0.05) for both systolic blood pressure (from the 10th minute) and for diastolic blood pressure (from the 5th minute). It is concluded that in normotensive elderly, a single turn loop, typical muscular endurance, promotes hypotension after exercise for both systolic pressure and to diastolic pressure.
References
-Anunciação, P.G.; Polito, M.D. A review on post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive individuals. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. Vol. 96. Num. 5. 2011. p. 425-426.
-Bermudes, A.M.; Vassallo, D.V.; Vasquez, E.C.; Lima, E.G. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in normotensive individuals undergoing two single exercise sessions: resistive exercise training and aerobic exercise training. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. Vol. 82. Num. 1. 2004. p. 65-71.
-Brandão-Rondon, M.U.; Alves, M.J.; Braga, A.M.; Teixeira, O.T.; Barretto, A.C.; Krieger, E.M.; Negrão, C.E. Postexercise blood pressure reduction in elderly hypertensive patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Vol. 39. Num. 4. 2002. p. 676-682.
-Brown, S.P.; Clemons, J.M.; He, Q.; Liu, S. Effects of resistance exercise and cycling on recovery blood pressure. Journal of Sports Sciences. Vol. 12. Num. 5. 1994. p. 463-468.
-Canadian Hypertension Education Program. The 2010 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: part 2 –therapy. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 26. Num. 5. 2010. p. 249-258.
-Ciolac, E.G.; Guimaraes, G.V.; D’Avila, V.M.; Bortolotto, L.A.; Doria, E.L.; Bocchi, E.A. Acute effects of continuous and interval aerobic exercise on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in long-term treated hypertensive patients. International Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 133. Num. 3. 2009. p. 381-387.
-Devan, A.E.; Anton, M.M.; Cook, J.N.; Neidre, D.B.; Cortez-Cooper, M.Y.; Tanaka, H. Acute effects of resistance exercise on arterial compliance. Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 98. Num. 6. 2005. p. 2287-2291.
-Fisher, M.M. The effect of resistance exercise on recovery blood pressure in normotensive and borderline hypertensive women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Vol. 15. Num. 2. 2001. p. 210-216.
-Fleck, S.J.; Kramer, W.J. Fundamentos do Treinamento de Força Muscular, 2003.
-Goto, C.; Higashi, Y.; Kimura, M.; Noma, K.; Hara, K.; Nakagawa, K.; Kawamura, M.; Chayama, K.; Yoshizumi, M.; Nara, I. Effect of different intensities of exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans: role of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide and oxidative stress. Circulation. Vol. 108. Num. 5. 2003. p. 530-535.
-Jones, H.; George, K.; Edwards, B.; Atkinson, G. Is the magnitude of acute post-exercise hypotension mediated by exercise intensity or total work done? European Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 102. Num. 1. 2007. p. 33-40.
-Jungersten, L.; Ambring, A.; Wall, B.; Wennmalm, A. Both physical fitness and acute exercise regulate nitric oxide formation in healthy humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 82. Num. 3. 1997. p. 760-764.
-Koltyn, K.F.; Raglin, J.S.; O'Connor, P.J.; Morgan, W.P. Influence of weight training on state anxiety, body awareness and blood pressure. International Journal of Sports Medicine. Vol. 16. Num. 4. 1995. p. 266-269.
-Kulics, J.M.; Collins, H.L.; Dicarlo, S.E. Postexercise hypotension is mediated by reductions in sympathetic nerve activity. The American Journal of Physiology. Vol. 276. Num. (1 Pt 2). 1999. p. H27-32.
-Lizardo, J.H.F.; Simões, H.G. Efeitos de diferentes sessões de exercícios sobre a hipotensão pós-exercício. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia. Vol. 9. Num. 3. 2005. p. 289-295.
-MacDonald, J.R. Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post exercise hypotension. Journal of Human Hypertension. Vol. 16. Num. 4. 2002. p. 225-236.
-Mediano, M.F.F.P.; Paravidino, V.; Simão, R.; Pontes, F.L.; Polito, M.D. Subacute behavior of the blood pressure after power training in controlled hypertensive individuals. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Vol. 11. Num. 6. 2005. p. 337-340.
-Melo, C.M.; Alencar Filho, A.C.; Tinucci, T.; Mion, D.; Forjaz, C.L. Postexercise hypotension induced by low-intensity resistance exercise in hypertensive women receiving captopril. Blood Pressure Monitoring. Vol. 11. Num. 4. 2006. p. 183-189.
-Moraes, M.R.; Bacurau, R.F.; Ramalho, J.D.; Reis, F.C.; Casarini, D.E.; Chagas, J.R.; Oliveira, V.; Higa, E.M.; Abdalla, D.S.; Pesquero, J.L.; Pesquero, J.B.; Araujo, R.C. Increase in kinins on post-exercise hypotension in normotensive and hypertensive volunteers. Biological Chemistry. Vol. 338. Num. 5. 2007. p. 533-540.
-Pescatello, L.S.; Franklin, B.A.; Fagard, R.; Farquhar, W.B.; Kelley, G.A.; Ray, C.A.; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand-Exercise and Hypertension. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol. 36. Num. 3. 2004. p. 533-553.
-Pescatello, L.S.; Turner, D.; Rodriguez, N.; Blanchard, B.E.; Tsongalis, G.J.; Maresh, C.M.; Duffy, V.; Thompson, P.D. Dietary calcium intake and renin angiotensin system polymorphisms alter the blood pressure response to aerobic exercise: a randomized control design. Nutrition & Metabolism. Vol. 4. Num. 1. 2007.
-Polito, M.D.; Farinatti, P.T. Comportamento da pressão arterial após exercícios contra-resistência: uma revisão sistemática sobre variáveis determinantes e possíveis mecanismos. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Vol. 12, Num. 6. 2006.
-Polito, M.D.; Simão, R, Senna, G.W.; Farinatti, P.T.V. Hypotensive effects of resistance exercises performed at different intensities and same work volumes. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Vol. 9. Num. 2. 2003. p. 74-77.
-Raglin, J.S.; Turner, P.E.; Eksten, F. State anxiety and blood pressure following 30 min of leg ergometry or weight training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol. 25. Num. 9. 1993. p. 1044-1048.
-Robert-Pires, C.M.; Penão, L.A.; Lopes, G. Comparação da hipotensão pós-esforço em sessões de exercício resistido com distintos volumes e intensidades. Lecturas Educación Física y Deportes (Buenos Aires). Num. 150. 2010.
-Robert-Pires, C.M. Fisiologia do exercício aplicada ao idoso. In: Rebelatto, J.R.; Morelli, J.G. (Org.).Fisioterapia geriátrica. Manole. 2003. Vol. 1. 2003. p. 2-43.
-Rodrigues, D.A.; Frota, F.P.; Robert-Pires, C.M. Verificação da hipotensão pós-esforço em sessão de treinamento de força em plataforma vibratória. Num. 149. 2010.
-Roltsch, M.H.; Mendez, T.; Wilund, K.R.; Hagberg, J.M. Acute resistive exercise does not affect ambulatory blood pressure in young men and women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol. 33. Num. 6. 2001. p. 881-886.
-Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia / Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão / Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. Vol. 95. Num. 1 supl. 1. 2010. p. 1-51.
-Veloso, J.; Polito, M.D.; Riera, T.; Celes, R.; Vidal, J.C.; Bottaro, M. Effects of rest interval between exercise sets on blood pressure after resistance exercises. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. Vol. 94. Num. 4. 2010. p. 512-518.
-World Health Organization. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Comitee. Geneve: World Health Organization Technical Report Series. 1995. (Technical Report Series no. 854).
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).