Mecanismos potenciales por los cuales el entrenamiento de fuerza puede afectar la caquexia en pacientes con cáncer
Resumen
Las personas con cáncer pueden desarrollar caquexia. Este es un estado debilitante donde ocurre una pérdida de peso involuntaria, provocada por un desequilibrio metabólico en el portador del tumor caracterizado por hipercatabolismo. La pérdida de tejido muscular es un factor que contribuye a la morbilidad y mortalidad por cáncer. Las intervenciones que preservan la masa muscular tienen implicaciones clínicas importantes en términos de mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Investigaciones recientes demuestran que el entrenamiento de fuerza puede disminuir la pérdida de tejido muscular esquelético en individuos con SIDA, diabetes y atrofia por desuso, mientras que se sabe poco sobre el efecto de este tipo de ejercicio en individuos caquécticos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura científica sobre los mecanismos relacionados con la pérdida de tejido muscular en el cáncer y los efectos del ejercicio de fuerza sobre la masa muscular y el metabolismo proteico en individuos sanos y caquécticos. Estos efectos están relacionados con la estimulación de la síntesis de proteínas por la acción de las hormonas, las citocinas. En el futuro, una mejor comprensión de estos mecanismos puede ayudar en la prescripción adecuada para pacientes con cáncer.
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