Dolor muscular retardado: etiología y tratamiento

  • Cláudia Roberta Vilela do Nascimento Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio da Universidade Gama Filho - UGF
  • Simone Figueiredo Máximo de Arruda Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio da Universidade Gama Filho - UGF
  • Reury Frank Pereira Bacurau Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio da Universidade Gama Filho - UGF. Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio - IBPEFEX
  • Francisco Navarro Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio da Universidade Gama Filho - UGF. Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio - IBPEFEX
Palabras clave: Dolor muscular de aparición tardía, Inflamación, Citoquinas, Ejercicio, Tratamiento

Resumen

Dolor muscular tardío, cuyo término utilizado científicamente es DOMS, que puede ocurrir en personas sedentarias que inician actividad física o incluso en deportistas de alto nivel que cambian su patrón de movimiento debido al período de entrenamiento o cuando inician actividades a las que no están acostumbrados. Las características del dolor muscular de aparición tardía son: aparece unas 8 horas después del ejercicio, aumentando de intensidad durante las siguientes 24 a 48 horas, disminuyendo progresivamente a partir de las 72 horas. Se presenta durante el ejercicio con predominio de contracciones excéntricas y presenta los siguientes signos y síntomas: rigidez muscular, sensibilidad al tacto, disminución del rango de movimiento e incapacidad para generar la fuerza máxima. La presencia de proteínas intramusculares en el torrente sanguíneo, de citocinas en los tejidos y en la sangre, y la migración de leucocitos al sitio lesionado, confirman la hipótesis de que las lesiones en la membrana plasmática y las microlesiones en la estructura muscular conducen a una respuesta inflamatoria responsable para el dolor. . Se cree que la respuesta inflamatoria es proporcional a la intensidad del estímulo, y el dolor es un mecanismo de protección del organismo, indicando si el estímulo está siendo “nocivo” para el organismo. Ante tales interrogantes y la baja eficacia de los tratamientos estudiados hasta el momento, se necesita más investigación sobre el tema, tanto para esclarecer si el proceso inflamatorio conduce a la adaptación, como para descubrir las ventajas de interrumpir o minimizar el dolor muscular de aparición tardía.

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Publicado
2011-12-09
Cómo citar
Nascimento, C. R. V. do, Arruda, S. F. M. de, Bacurau, R. F. P., & Navarro, F. (2011). Dolor muscular retardado: etiología y tratamiento. Revista Brasileña De Prescripción Y Fisiología Del Ejercicio, 1(2). Recuperado a partir de https://www.rbpfex.com.br/index.php/rbpfex/article/view/21
Sección
Artículos Científicos - Originales