L'influenza della lipogenesi sull'obesità nell'uomo

  • Taciana Westin Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato-Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio - Prescrição do exercí­cio da Universidade Gama Filho - UGF. Licenciada em Educação Fí­sica pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG
  • Bruno de Alencar Araújo Nascimento Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato-Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio - Prescrição do exercí­cio da Universidade Gama Filho - UGF. Licenciado em Educação Fí­sica pelo Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte - UNI-BH)
  • Betânia Nunes Fontes Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato-Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio - Prescrição do exercí­cio da Universidade Gama Filho - UGF. Licenciada em Educação Fí­sica pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV
  • Soraya Alfenas da Silva Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato-Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio - Prescrição do exercí­cio da Universidade Gama Filho - UGF. Licenciado em Educação Fí­sica pelo Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte - UNI-BH)
  • Francisco Navarro Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato-Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio - Prescrição do exercí­cio da Universidade Gama Filho - UGF. Licenciada em Educação Fí­sica pela Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercí­cio - IBPEFEX
Parole chiave: Lipogeenesi, Obesità, Carboidrato, Dieta ipercalorica

Abstract

L'obesità è una conseguenza di uno squilibrio tra deposito e mobilizzazione del grasso. I carboidrati ingeriti in eccesso influenzano questo squilibrio, in quanto stimolano la lipogenesi (sintesi degli acidi grassi attraverso i carboidrati). Il presente studio di revisione mira a valutare l'influenza della lipogenesi sull'aumento di grasso corporeo negli esseri umani in varie situazioni. La lipogenesi avviene nel fegato e nel tessuto adiposo e contribuisce poco all'aumento del grasso corporeo, come il tipo di carboidrati ingeriti; la composizione, l'apporto calorico e la durata della dieta, la composizione corporea, il sesso e la genetica dell'individuo modificano questo processo in modi diversi. Nelle diete miste, la lipogenesi non è un percorso importante per l'aumento del grasso corporeo, poiché l'accumulo di triacilglicerolo avviene indirettamente riducendo la mobilizzazione dei grassi e aumentando la mobilizzazione dei carboidrati.

Riferimenti bibliografici

- Aarsland, A.; Chinkes, D.; Wolfe, R.R. Hepatic and whole-body fat synthesis in humans during carbohydrate overfeeding. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:1774-82.

- Acheson, K.; Schutz, Y.; Bessard, T.; Flatt, J.P.; Jequier, E. Carbohydrate metabolism and de novo lipogenesis in human obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;45:78-85.

- Acheson, K.J.; Flatt, J.P.; Jéquier, E. Glycogen synthesis versus lipogenesis after a 500 gram carbohydrate meal in man. Metabolism. 1982;31(12):1234-1240.

- Acheson, K.J.; Flatt, J.P. Minor importance of de novo lipogenesis on energy expenditure in human. Brit J Nutr. 2002;87:189.

- Acheson, K.J.; Schutz, Y.; Bessard, T.; Anantharaman, K.; Flatt, J.P.; Jéquier, E. Glycogen storage capacity and de novo lipogenesis during massive carbohydrate overfeeding in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:240-247.

- Bjorntorp, P.; Sjostrom, L. Carbohydrate storage in man: speculations and some quantitative considerations. Metabolism. 1978;27:1853-1865.

- Chwalibog, A.; Thorbek, G. Energy expenditure by de novo lipogenesis. Brit J Nutr 2001; 86:309.

- Coyle, E.F. Fat metabolism during exercise. Sports Science Exchange. 1995;8:6.

- Dentin, R.; Girard, J.; Postic, C. Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c): two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in liver. Biochimie. 2005;87:81-86.

- Diraison, F.; Dusserre, E.; Vidal, H.; Sothier, M.; Beylot, M. Increased hepatic lipogenesis but decreased expression of lipogenic gene in adipose tissue in human obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;282:46-51.

- Diraison, F.; Yankah, V.; Letexier, D.; Dusserre, E.; Jones, P.; Beylot, M. Differences in the regulation of adipose tissue and liver lipogenesis by carbohydrates in humans. J Lipid Res. 2003;40:843-53.

- Ferre, P.; Foretz, M.; Azzout-Marniche, D.; Becard, D.; Foufelle, F. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mediates insulin action on hepatic gene expression. Biochem Soc Trans. 2001;29:547-552.

- Folch, N.; Peronnet, F.; Massicotte, D.; Charpentier, S.; Lavoie, C. Metabolic response to a large starch meal after rest and exercise: comparison between men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:1107-15.

- Granner, D.; Pilkis, S. The genes of hepatic glucose metabolism. J Biol Chem. 1990;265 (18):10173-10176.

- Griffin, M.J.; Sul, H.S. Insulin Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthase Gene Transcription: Roles of USF and SREBP-1c. Life. 2004;56(10):595-600.

- Hellerstein, M.K.; e colaboradores. Measurement of de novo hepatic lipogenesis in humans using stable isotopes. J Clin Invest. 1991;87:1841-1852.

- Hellerstein, M.K. No common energy currency: de novo lipogenesis as the road less traveled. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:707-8.

- Hill, J.O.; Prentice, A.M. Sugar and body weight regulation. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62:264-74.

- Hudgins, L.C.; Hellerstein, M.; Seidman, C.; Neese, R.; Diakun, J. Human fatty acid synthesis is stimulated by a eucaloric low fat, high carbohydrate diet. Am Soc Clin Invest. 1996;97:2081-2091.

- Hudgins, L.C.; Hellerstein, M.K.; Seidman, C.E.; Neese, R.A.; Tremaroli, J.D.; Hirsch, J. Relationship between carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia and fatty acid synthesis in lean and obese subjects. J Lipid Res. 2000;41:595;-604.

- Hudgins, L.C.; Seidman, C.E.; Diakun, J.; Hirsch, J. Human fatty acid synthesis is reduced after the substitution of dietary starch for sugar. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:631-9.

- Jéquier, E. Carbohydrates as a source of energy. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:682-685.

- Kolehmainen, M.; Vidal, H.; Alhava, E.; Uusitupa, M.I.J. Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression in human obesity. Obes Res. 2001;9:706-712.

- Koo, S.H.; Dutcher, A.K.; Towle, H.C. Glucose and Insulin Function through Two Distinct Transcription Factors to Stimulate Expression of Lipogenic Enzyme Genes in Liver. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:9437-46.

- Lammert, O.; e colaboradores Effects of isoenergetic overfeeding of either carbohydrate or fat in young men. Brit J Nutri. 2000;84:233-245.

- Letexier, D.; Pinteur, C.; Large, V.; Fréring, V.; Beylot, M. Comparison of the expression and activity of the lipogenic pathway in human and rat adipose tissue. J Lipid Res. 2003;44:2127-34.

- Lopes, M.I.; Ansorena, D.; Astiasaran, I.; Forga, L.; Martínez, J.A. Postprandial de novo lipogenesis and metabolic changes induced by a high-carbohydrate, low-fat meal in lean and overweigth men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(2):253-61.

- McArdle, W.D.; e colaboradores. Fisiologia do Exercício: energia, nutrição e desempenho humano. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan;1998.

- McDevitt, R.M.; Bott, S.J.; Harding, M.; Coward, W.A.; Bluck, L.J.; Prentice, A.M. De novo lipogenesis during controlled overfeeding with sucrose or glucose in lean and obese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:737-46.

- McDevitt, R.M.; Poppitt, S.D.; Murgatroyd, P.R.; Prentice, A.M. Macronutrient disposal during controlled overfeeding with glucose, fructose, sucrose, or fat in lean and obese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:369-77.

- Minehira, K.; e colaboradores. Effect of Carbohydrate Overfeeding on Whole Body and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Humans. Obes Res. 2003;11:1096-1103.

- Minehira, K.; Vega, N.; Vidal, H.; Acheson, K.; Tappy, L. Effect of carbohydrate overfeeding on whole body macronutrient metabolism and expression of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue of lean and overweight humans. Inter J Obes. 2004;28: 1291-8.

- Parks, E.J. Changes in fat synthesis influenced by dietary macronutrient content. Proc Nutri Soc. 2002;61:1-6.

- Pasquet, P.; e colaboradores. Massive overfeeding and energy balance in men: the Guru Walla Model. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;52:483-90.

- Schutz, Y. Concept of fat balance in human obesity revisited with particular reference to de novo lipogenesis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004a;28:3-11.

- Schutz, Y. Dietary fat, lipogenesis and energy balance. Physiol Behav. 2004b;83:557-64.

- Schwarz, J.M.; Linfoot, P.; Dare, D.; Aghajanian, K. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis in normoinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic subjects consuming high-fat, low-carbohydrate and low-fat, high-carbohydrate isoenergetic diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:43-50.

- Schwarz, J.M.; Neese, R.A.; Tumer, S.; Dare, D.; Hellerstein, M.K. Short-Term Alterations in Carbohydrate Energy Intake in Humans. Striking effects on hepatic glucose production, de novo lipogenesis, lipolysis, and whole-body fuel selection. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:2735-2743.

- Stubbs, R.J.; Mazlan, N.; Whybrow, S. Carbohydrates, Appetite and Feeding Behavior in Humans. J Nutr. 2001;131(10):2775-2781.

- Tappy, L. Metabolic consequences of overfeeding in humans. Curr Opin Clin Nutri Metab Care. 2004, 7:623-8.

- Timlin, M.T.; Parks, E.J. Temporal pattern of de novo lipogenesis in the postprandial state in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:35-42.

- Uyeda, K.; Yamashita, H.; Kawaguchi, T. Carbohydrate Responsive Element Binding Protein (ChREBP): a key regulator of glucose metabolism and fat storage. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002;63:2075-80.

- Westertep, K.R. Food quotient, respiratory quotient, and energy balance. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;57:759-764.

Pubblicato
2011-12-09
Come citare
Westin, T., Nascimento, B. de A. A., Fontes, B. N., Silva, S. A. da, & Navarro, F. (2011). L’influenza della lipogenesi sull’obesità nell’uomo. Giornale Brasiliano Di Prescrizione E Fisiologia dell’esercizio, 1(2). Recuperato da https://www.rbpfex.com.br/index.php/rbpfex/article/view/11
Sezione
Articoli scientifici - Originali